Citus Con: An Event for Postgres 2023 will happen virtually Apr 18-19 in 2023. Big news, the Call for Speakers is open! 💥
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Postgres at Any Scale
Scale out Postgres by distributing your data & queries across a cluster. And it’s simple to add nodes & rebalance shards when you need to grow.
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Parallelized Performance
Speed up queries by 20x to 300x (or more) through parallelism, keeping more data in memory, higher I/O bandwidth, and columnar compression.
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Not a Fork
As an extension to Postgres, it’s easy to keep Citus in sync with the latest Postgres releases & stay current with all the latest innovations in its community.
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Run Anywhere
Focus on your application and forget about your database. Run Citus in the cloud with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL.
All the Features You Need For Postgres At Any Scale
What’s New in Citus
Citus 11.0
Released in June 2022, Citus 11.0 includes automatic schema & metadata syncing so you can now query from any node. And in Citus 11.0, we have open sourced the remaining handful of Citus Enterprise features.
Citus 11.1
New to Citus 11.1 you can now distribute tables, split shards, and isolate tenants without interruption & without blocking writes. And you can rebalance the cluster as a background task. Plus, as of 11.1.3, you get PostgreSQL 15 GA support.
PostgreSQL 15
As of Citus 11.1.3, Citus supports Postgres 15 GA—with improved sort performance & compression, expressive developer features, and more. Keep in mind you can always find the latest Citus to PostgreSQL version compatibility in our online FAQ.
Fully open source
With Citus 11, the remaining Citus Enterprise features are now available as open source, including the non-blocking aspect of the shard rebalancer, tenant isolation, user management, fine-grained access controls, pg_dist_poolinfo, and performance optimizations for data loading.
Query from any node
As of Citus 11, queries can be handled by any Citus node, because the table schema & metadata is synchronized from the coordinator to all the workers. Most applications will continue to query the Citus coordinator as they’ve always done, but workloads that need high query throughput can benefit.
Cluster activity views
New in Citus 11, Citus extends pg_stat_activity via citus_stat_activity and citus_dist_stat_activity views. These views pull all the activity across the cluster, making it easier to examine the activity within the cluster. This becomes handy especially if your app is using the query from any node feature.
User management
Citus automatically manages user creation for you across the cluster, and enables fine-grained control over inter-node authentication using certificates or other methods.
Access Controls
Granular access controls in Citus enable you to limit capabilities to certain types of users to control user access and reduce risk.
Power of Postgres At Any Scale
All the Goodness of Postgres
With Citus you can use all your favorite Postgres features at scale, including data types, operators, functions, extensions, and indexes. Plus the reliability of Postgres and all the ongoing innovation in the Postgres community. Also, JSONB.
PostgreSQL 15
As of Citus 11.1.3, Citus supports Postgres 15 GA—with improved sort performance & compression, expressive developer features, and more. Keep in mind you can always find the latest Citus to PostgreSQL version compatibility in our online FAQ.
Postgres Tooling & Ecosystem
The Postgres ecosystem of tools, extensions, and libraries is vast. One of the reasons Citus is popular is because Citus is an extension to Postgres: therefore you get to leverage your Postgres expertise and use all of your familiar Postgres tools.
Relational Database Semantics
Citus offers relational database features like ACID transactions, joins, foreign key constraints, and SQL—to give you the flexibility of a relational database, at any scale.
Streaming Replication
The streaming replication feature in Postgres can be used to set up hot standby nodes with auto-failover for High Availability and read replicas for high-throughput read workloads.
Scale-Out Architecture
Packaged as a Postgres Extension
Because Citus is an extension to Postgres and not a fork, Citus can easily stay current with the latest releases of Postgres, allowing you to benefit from all of the latest innovations in Postgres.
Database Sharding
Transparently shard Postgres tables across multiple nodes to give your application more memory, compute, and disk. Which gives you parallelism, high performance, and a way to scale. Plus, you can now shard Postgres on a single Citus node, too.
Single-node Citus
Be “scale-out-ready” by sharding your data on a single Citus node, using a distributed data model from the start—so you can easily add nodes later. Or use single-node Citus as a handy way to try out Citus.
Easy to add nodes
It’s simple to add nodes to Citus, whether starting with Citus on a single node, or using Citus on a distributed cluster.
Shard Rebalancer
When adding nodes to a Citus cluster, the open source shard rebalancer enables you to redistribute shards across nodes to better balance the data distribution and the performance of your Citus database.
Fast relational operations
Using advanced data placement and replication features, Citus gives you the fastest possible experience for relational database features like joins, foreign keys, subqueries, and stored procedures.
Rails & Django integration
Like Postgres, Citus is compatible with all the popular programming languages. And for Rails and Django we’ve created gems and libraries to make it easy for your application to adapt to a sharded, distributed Postgres database.
Tenant isolation
Multi-tenant SaaS applications sometimes need to isolate the shards for a large tenant to ensure that the large customer gets the resources they need and doesn’t negatively impact performance for everyone else. Hence: tenant isolation.
Distributed SQL Engine
Distributed Query Engine
Citus takes an incoming SQL query, plans the query for parallel execution, and pushes down the parallel computations to the nodes in the database cluster. As you add nodes, Citus automatically distributes queries to leverage all the memory and cpu cores available.
Adaptive Query Executor
The Citus distributed query executor dynamically adapts to the type of distributed SQL query, and uses a dynamic pool of connections to each worker node to execute Postgres queries on the shards.
Distributed Transactions
Citus provides atomic transactions across shards and nodes with advanced techniques like 2PC recovery and distributed deadlock detection to give you a seamless database experience.
Distributed Explain
The Postgres EXPLAIN feature creates a query plan for each query it receives and is invaluable in optimizing performance. In Citus, we’ve created a distributed EXPLAIN feature that performs the same function in the context of a distributed database.
Parallel Query
Parallelize analytical queries across the Citus distributed database cluster for maximum performance, giving your application the memory, compute, and higher IO bandwidth of multiple nodes.
Columnar Storage
With the Citus columnar feature, you can compress regular Postgres tables and/or distributed tables to reduce disk footprint, reduce I/O bandwidth needs, and speed up analytics queries.
Multiple Table Types
With Citus you can use a mix of distributed tables (with co-location), reference tables, and local Postgres tables—so you can optimize performance by sharding large tables; placing often-referenced tables on all the Citus nodes; and keeping the smaller tables local to the coordinator.
Monitoring & Management
Monitoring Metrics
Citus utilities can be used to query Citus table and relation sizes. The popular pg_stat_statements gives visibility into statistics about queries that are running on the database. And you can integrate your favorite monitoring tools with Postgres and Citus.
Access Controls
Granular access controls in Citus enable you to limit capabilities to certain types of users to control user access and reduce risk.
User Management
Citus automatically manages user creation for you across the cluster, and enables fine-grained control over inter-node authentication using certificates or other methods.
Cluster Activity Views
New in Citus 11, Citus extends pg_stat_activity via citus_stat_activity and citus_dist_stat_activity views. These views pull all the activity across the cluster, making it easier to examine the activity within the cluster. This becomes handy especially if your app is using the query from any node feature.
Data Types & Extensions
JSONB
PostgreSQL and Citus support 40+ data types, including semi-structured data types and JSONB. Many developers cite the JSONB support in Postgres as a super effective way to store unstructured data and documents in the database.
Custom Types
Custom types—also called user-defined types—are a super useful Postgres feature. In a Citus distributed cluster, custom types (as well as Postgres extensions) are automatically propagated to new and existing worker nodes, without any special steps on your part.
PostGIS
PostGIS is an extension to Postgres that adds support for geographical objects to Postgres, allowing location queries to be run in SQL. Open source, freely available, and works with Citus.
HyperLogLog (HLL)
HLL is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem and can approximate the number of distinct elements in a set. With sketch algorithms for probabilistic distincts such as HLL, you can provide deeper analytics in real-time across petabytes of data.
t-digest
TopN
TopN is an open source PostgreSQL extension for calculating the most frequently occurring values in a column, and is part of the class of probabilistic distinct algorithms called sketch algorithms.
Full Text Search
Full text search in Postgres enables you to search documents, parts of documents, and semi-structured data using regular expressions and text search from within your Citus database.
Run Citus Anywhere
Open Source
We’re on a mission to make it so you no longer have to worry about scaling your database. With Citus open source, you extend your Postgres database with superpowers like distributed tables, a distributed SQL query engine, columnar storage, and the ability to use Citus on a single node.
In the Cloud
Convenience trumps all, and many Citus users tell us they would rather focus on their application—and not on managing their database. So Citus is available as a managed service in the cloud with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL.
